Gyantse Palkor Chöde Monastery

Gyantse Palkhor Chöde Monastery

Gyantse Palkhor Chöde Monastery, also known by its alternative names Palcho Monastery and Pelkor Chode Monastery, is a significant monastic complex situated in the Nyangchu river valley in Gyantse, Tibet Autonomous Region. Its earliest history is traced to the ninth century, though the main structures, including the Tsuklakhang Monastery and the iconic Kumbum, were established between the 14th and 15th centuries. The monastery is renowned for its unique synthesis of Tibetan, Han, and Nepali architectural styles.

History and Construction

The town of Gyantse itself was established as a feudatory between the 14th and 15th centuries, with the Sakya sect holding a dominant role. During this period, the Buddhist monuments, including the old fort (Dzong) and subsequently the Kumbum and Pekor monastery, were constructed. The Tsuklakhang, the main temple, was built by Prince Rabten Kunzang Phak between 1418 and 1425, and it became an important center for the Sakya sect. The Kumbum, a remarkable stupa, commenced construction in 1427 and was completed by 1437, also under Prince Rabten Kunzang Phak's patronage. Over time, various Buddhist sects established colleges and hermitages within the complex, with 16 colleges recorded by the late 17th century, increasing to 18 by the early 19th century, though most were later closed.

Architecture and Notable Features

The monastery precinct is a complex of structures, most notably the Tsuklakhang Monastery and its Kumbum. The Kumbum, or Bodhi Dagoba, is a striking 32-meter-high, nine-tier structure that symbolizes Gyantse. It is often called the 'Ten Thousand Buddha Pagodas' due to the approximately ten thousand figures of Buddhas enshrined within its 108 chapels and 76 shrines, featuring vibrant murals and images. The Tsuklakhang Monastery, the main temple, is a three-story building with a well-preserved Assembly Hall ('Tshomchen') adorned with numerous silk Tankhas, frescoes, and 15th-century Tibetan-style sculptures. A significant feature is a 8-meter-high bronze statue of Shakyamuni Buddha at the center of the Main Chapel.

Historical Impact and Preservation

Gyantse Palkhor Chöde Monastery faced significant destruction in the 20th century. In 1904, British expedition members seized statues and scrolls from the monastery. Later, in 1959, it was partially destroyed by Chinese forces, and further damage occurred during the Cultural Revolution. Despite these events, the monastery has since been largely restored. Prior to the 1959 uprising, it housed 1,520 monks; today, the community is much smaller. The monastery is a popular destination for visitors, located conveniently close to Gyantse town and accessible via the Friendship Highway.