Barnwell Priory

Barnwell Priory was an Augustinian priory located in Barnwell, Cambridgeshire, England. Founded around 1092 by Picot of Cambridge, the High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire, and his wife Hugolina, it was established as a house of Canons Regular adhering to the Rule of St. Augustine. The priory's strategic location and its role as a landowner contributed to its wealth and influence.

History and Significance

The foundation of Barnwell Priory likely stemmed from a vow made by Hugolina. Initially established by Picot at St Giles' Church by Cambridge Castle, it was later moved and expanded to its Barnwell site by Pain Peverel, with land granted by Henry I. Over time, Barnwell Priory grew, accommodating up to 30 canons and holding an annual fair that augmented its income. The priory possessed an active scriptorium and a well-stocked library, which, along with its extensive landholdings, is believed to have aided in the early establishment of the University of Cambridge. Much of the understanding of English Augustinian life in the 13th century comes from the "Barnwell Observances" written there.

The priory's prosperity made it a target during the Peasants' Revolt in 1381. It also served as a venue for the Cambridge Parliament, which met there between September 10 and October 17, 1388. Barnwell Priory was dissolved on November 11, 1538, as part of King Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries. Its lands were subsequently granted to individuals like Anthony Brown and Edward, Lord Clinton.

Surviving Structures

Following its dissolution, the priory's buildings largely fell into ruin and were substantially destroyed by 1810. The only surviving major component of Barnwell Priory is a 13th-century claustral building, which is now a Grade II* listed monument. Additional remnants of the priory can be found incorporated into the walls, cellar, and gardens of the modern-day Abbey House.