Lucca Cathedral

Lucca Cathedral, known in Italian as Duomo di Lucca and Cattedrale di San Martino, stands as the principal religious edifice in Lucca, Italy, and serves as the seat of the Archbishop of Lucca. Its origins trace back to the 6th century, with the bishop's seat being formally transferred to the current site in the early 8th century. The cathedral is particularly renowned for housing the Holy Face of Lucca, a revered relic according to legend carved by a contemporary of Jesus, which arrived at the church in 782.

History and Construction

The construction of the current cathedral commenced in 1060 under the direction of Bishop Anselm, who would later ascend to the papacy as Pope Alexander II. The consecration of the cathedral occurred in 1070, performed by Pope Alexander himself. The striking west front, characterized by its vast portico of three magnificent arches and superimposed ranges of open galleries adorned with sculptures, was begun in 1204, with Guido Bigarelli of Como credited with its design. Further architectural evolution took place in the 14th century when the nave and transepts were rebuilt in the Gothic style. The cathedral chapter, responsible for its administration, comprised several dignities and canons, who held privileges such as the use of the mitre and a gold pectoral cross.

Architectural Features and Artistry

Remnants of the original structure include the grand apse with its tall columnar arcades and the elegant campanile. The nave and transepts, rebuilt in the 14th century, showcase Gothic architectural principles. A unique feature is the small octagonal chapel shrine within the nave, built in 1484 by Matteo Civitali, which houses the Holy Face of Lucca. The cathedral's artistic treasures are extensive, featuring Domenico Ghirlandaio's 'Madonna and Child with Saints Peter, Clement, Paul and Sebastian,' Federico Zuccari's 'Adoration of the Magi,' Jacopo Tintoretto's 'Last Supper,' and Fra Bartolomeo's 'Madonna and Child.' A local legend explains the varied styles of the columns on the façade, suggesting a contest where all submitted designs were ultimately used.

The Labyrinth

Embedded within the right pier of the portico is a labyrinth believed to date from the 12th or 13th century. Its historical significance is notable, as it may pre-date the renowned Chartres labyrinth and shares its characteristic pattern. An incised Latin inscription invokes ancient pagan mythology, identifying it as the labyrinth built by Daedalus of Crete and alluding to the myth of Theseus and Ariadne's thread.