Warana Raja Maha Vihara

Warana Raja Maha Vihara is an ancient Buddhist temple situated in Thihariya, within the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka. Its historical roots are deeply embedded in the island's past, with the temple believed to have been constructed during the reign of King Devanampiyathissa, who ruled from 307 to 267 BC. This places its origins in the early Anuradhapura period, a significant era in Sri Lankan history.

History and Renovations

The temple's chronicles indicate that it has been a site of continuous veneration and development, undergoing substantial renovations by various rulers throughout the centuries. Notable among these are King Valagamba, who reigned during periods of turmoil in the 1st century BCE, King Nissanka Malla in the late 12th century, King Kirti Sri Rajasinha in the 18th century, and King Parakramabahu VI in the 15th century. These interventions highlight the temple's enduring importance as a religious and cultural landmark.

A Brahmin inscription found on the premises, as interpreted by Dr. Senarath Paranavithana in his "Inscriptions of Ceylon, Part I," reads, "Bata-Majhimasa batika bata-Tisadatasa dane," translated as "The gift of Lord Tissadatta, brother of Lord Magjihima." This inscription points to early patronage and the presence of significant figures associated with the temple's establishment or upkeep.

Furthermore, cave temples in the vicinity, such as Uruwala, Maligatenna, Pilikuththuwa, Miriswatta, and Koskandawala, are thought to have formed part of a larger temple complex during the early Anuradhapura period, suggesting Warana Raja Maha Vihara was once a central point within a significant monastic settlement.

Temple Structure and Features

The temple is architecturally designed across three main levels: Pahala maluwa (lower level), Meda maluwa (middle level), and Ihala maluwa (upper level). The first level hosts the Sangawasaya (monastic residence quarters) and the Dharma Hall (preaching hall). The middle level is home to a drip-led cave temple, which houses an ancient Stupa estimated to be around 800 years old. Within this cave temple, numerous statues of the Buddha and ancient paintings adorn the walls and ceiling.

The canopy of the cave is intricately decorated with motifs of lotus flowers and various other floral designs, showcasing the artistic traditions of the time. The uppermost level, Ihala maluwa, also features another Stupa and a cave temple, contributing to the temple's layered and complex Sacred geography.

Recognition and Significance

Warana Raja Maha Vihara is currently recognized by the Archaeological Department of Sri Lanka as an archaeological protected site in the Gampaha District. This designation underscores its importance as a preserved piece of Sri Lanka's rich cultural and religious heritage, attracting visitors interested in its history, architecture, and spiritual significance.