Aguinaldo Shrine

The Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine: Birthplace of Philippine Independence

The Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine, also known as the Cavite El Viejo Shrine, stands in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines, as a pivotal national monument. Its historical importance is paramount as the ancestral home of Emilio Aguinaldo, the first President of the Philippines, and the very location where the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain was proclaimed on June 12, 1898. This declaration marked a significant moment in the nation's struggle for sovereignty.

Historical Context and Construction

The structure that now serves as the shrine has a history dating back to 1845 when it was initially built from wood and thatch. It underwent reconstruction in 1849. It was within these walls that Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 22, 1869. Later in his life, from 1919 to 1921, President Aguinaldo undertook substantial renovations, significantly enlarging his home and transforming it into a monument dedicated to the Philippine flag and the nation's independence. He famously constructed an "Independence balcony," which, though many visitors now assume it to be the original site of the proclamation, was an addition from this renovation period.

The Declaration of Independence and National Recognition

On June 12, 1898, from the grand hall's window, the Declaration of Philippine Independence was read by its author, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista. This momentous event was later ratified by the Malolos Congress. During the independence celebrations, the Philippine flag, designed by Emilio Aguinaldo, was formally unfurled from the front window. The national anthem was also first played on the grounds. Recognizing its profound historical value, Emilio Aguinaldo donated his home to the Philippine government on June 12, 1963, with the intention of preserving the spirit of the Philippine Revolution. The following year, on June 18, 1964, the mansion was officially declared a National Shrine through Republic Act No. 4039.

Description and Museum Features

The Aguinaldo Shrine is more than just a historic house; it is a sprawling estate that includes Aguinaldo Park, created for the 1998 Philippine Centennial celebration, featuring promenades and pools. The main house itself is a mansion exceeding 14,000 square feet, designed by Aguinaldo. It is characterized by secret passages and hiding places, and is adorned with antique furniture and nationalistic motifs. The building is divided into distinct sections: the main house, the family wing, and a five-story tower. The ground floor now houses a museum dedicated to Aguinaldo's life and the revolution, featuring exhibits like a hologram of Aguinaldo on the eve of the declaration. Notable rooms include the grand hall with its historic front window, the dining room with a map of the Philippines on its ceiling, and various bedrooms. The upper levels include a library overlooking the grand hall and a tower offering panoramic views. The grounds also feature Aguinaldo's restored 1924 Packard limousine and a marble tomb where the first president is interred.