Tara

Tara: The Second Mahavidya

In the Shaivism and Shaktism traditions of Hinduism, Tara stands as the second of the ten Mahavidyas, a group of powerful tantric goddesses. She is considered a tantric manifestation of Ādishakti, the primordial cosmic energy, and is often seen as a fierce yet compassionate protector of her devotees. Tara is known for her ability to grant knowledge, protection from dangers, and liberation.

Legends and Origins

The origin of Tara's worship is often traced to the sage Vasiṣṭha's attempts to invoke her, as described in the Rudrayāmala. His initial efforts were unsuccessful until he encountered Vishnu in the form of Buddha in Mahācīna (Tibet). Through specific kaula rites, Vasiṣṭha eventually succeeded in worshipping Tara. Her association with the Atharvaveda and her protective nature against difficult dangers have earned her the epithet Ugratara.

Historical and Iconographic Context

Tara's historical roots likely lie in the syncretism of beliefs from the Oḍḍiyāna region, which experienced significant Buddhist influence. This fusion of Shaivist and Buddhist cults facilitated the development of Tara's traditions, which are found in both Hindu and Buddhist systems. Her iconography is striking and often fierce, depicting her as dark-complexioned, wearing tiger pelts, and standing upon a corpse, sometimes identified with Shiva. She holds attributes like a knife and sword, and her terrifying laugh contributes to her formidable presence.

Scriptures and Devotional Practices

Numerous tantric scriptures detail the worship of Tara, including the Tārātantra, Rudrayāmala, and Nīlatantra. She is also mentioned in the Devi Bhagavata Purana and the Kalika Purana. In modern times, devotional poets like Ramprasad Sen and figures like Sadhak Bamakhepa have contributed to a more public and motherly understanding of Tara, emphasizing her nurturing aspect alongside her fierce power.