Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero

Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero (1698–1778), born Kulathun Bandara, was a highly influential Buddhist monk in 18th-century Sri Lanka. He is widely celebrated as the pioneer of the revival of Buddhism in the island nation, particularly following a significant decline in the religion during the preceding centuries. His most notable achievement was the re-establishment of the Upasampada, the higher ordination ceremony for Buddhist monks, which had become defunct.

Early Life and Ordination

Born in Tumpane, near Kandy, Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero was ordained as a samanera (novice monk) at the age of 16. His early life was marked by dedication to learning, including mastering the Pali language, and adherence to strict monastic discipline. He adopted the epithet "Asarana Sarana" for his kindness to the helpless and "Pindapathika Saranankara" for his practice of collecting alms from house to house, distinguishing himself from many contemporary monks who lived more like laymen.

Revival of Buddhism and Upasampada

During Saranankara Thero's time, the Buddhist clergy in Sri Lanka had largely deviated from the Vinaya (monastic discipline). The lack of higher ordination meant that monks could not properly maintain the lineage. Saranankara Thero, recognizing this crisis, dedicated himself to its restoration. He gained the patronage of King Kirti Sri Rajasinghe, who supported his efforts to seek assistance from Siam (modern Thailand). After several attempts, a delegation of Siamese monks led by Upali Maha Thera arrived in Sri Lanka in 1753, enabling the re-establishment of the Upasampada. This event is considered a cornerstone of the modern resurgence of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

Sangharaja and Literary Contributions

Following the successful revival of the Upasampada, Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero was appointed Sangharaja, the highest ecclesiastical office for a monk in Theravada Buddhism. He was the last monk to hold this title. In addition to his administrative and revivalist activities, Saranankara Thero was also a scholar and author. He compiled and wrote several important religious texts, including "Munigunalankara," "Sarartha Sangraha," and works on Pali grammar, contributing significantly to the preservation and propagation of Buddhist literature and teachings.