Ingen

Ingen Ryūki

Ingen Ryūki (1592–1673) was a prominent Chinese Buddhist monk, poet, and calligrapher of the Linji Chan school. He is most renowned for his significant role in establishing the Ōbaku school of Zen Buddhism in Japan. His arrival in Japan marked a notable cultural exchange, introducing aspects of Ming dynasty Chinese culture.

Life and Historical Context

Born in Fuqing, Fujian, China, during the Ming dynasty, Ingen's early life involved a search for his father, which led him to Mount Putuo at age 20. After his mother's death, he was ordained as a monk at 28 at Wanfu Temple on Mount Huangbo, where Miyun Yuanwu and Feiyin Tongrong were his teachers. He received dharma transmission from Feiyin Tongrong and later served as abbot of Wanfu Temple, contributing to its growth as a Buddhist center.

In 1654, at the persistent invitation of Itsunen Shoyu, Ingen traveled to Nagasaki, Japan, accompanied by approximately 30 monks and artisans, including his disciple Mu'an. This journey initiated the establishment of the Ōbaku school of Zen in Japan. In 1661, he founded the Ōbaku head temple, Manpuku-ji, in Uji, Kyoto. Ingen passed away at Manpuku-ji on May 19, 1673.

Major Contributions

Ingen's influence extended beyond religious teachings. He is credited with introducing the Ming style of calligraphy to Japan, and along with his disciples Mu'an and Sokuhi Nyoitsu, they became known as the "Ōbaku no Sanpitsu" (Three Brushes of Ōbaku). He is also recognized for introducing the common bean to Japan, which subsequently became known as "Ingen mame" (Ingen bean) in his honor. The robes worn by Ōbaku monks are also referred to as "Ingengoromo" (Ingen robe).

Legacy

Ingen's legacy is deeply intertwined with the Ōbaku school he founded, which brought a distinct style of Chan Buddhism and Chinese cultural practices to Japan. His contributions as a calligrapher and the introduction of the Ingen bean have left lasting marks on Japanese culture and cuisine.