Manhattan

What is Manhattan?

Manhattan is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. It is coextensive with New York County and is situated almost entirely on Manhattan Island, near the southern tip of New York State. Historically a vital hub for trade and governance, Manhattan has evolved into the urban core of the New York metropolitan area and is globally recognized as a center for culture, finance, media, and entertainment.

History and Development

Before European colonization, Manhattan was part of the territory inhabited by the Munsee, Lenape, and Wappinger tribes. The name 'Manhattan' is believed to derive from the Munsee Lenape word 'manaháhtaan,' which translates to 'the place where we get bows.' European settlement commenced in 1624 with the establishment of a Dutch fur trading post, leading to the construction of Fort Amsterdam and the founding of New Amsterdam in 1625, marking the inception of New York City. The territory came under English control in 1664 and was renamed 'New York.'

Manhattan played a significant role in the early history of the United States, serving as the nation's capital from 1785 to 1790. It was the site of crucial events during the American Revolution and later became the primary destination for millions of immigrants arriving in the late 19th century, a role symbolized by the Statue of Liberty. The 19th century also saw the implementation of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which laid out the island's iconic grid plan, and the opening of Central Park, the first landscaped public park in an American city.

Cultural and Economic Significance

The 20th century witnessed Manhattan's rise as a global economic powerhouse, with the construction of iconic skyscrapers like the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building. The borough was also a crucible for significant cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance and the modern gay-rights movement, which traces its origins to the Stonewall riots in 1969. Despite facing economic challenges and rising crime rates in the latter half of the century, Manhattan experienced a resurgence in the 1980s, solidifying its status as a world financial center.

In the 21st century, Manhattan continues to be a focal point for global events, including the September 11 terrorist attacks and the Occupy Wall Street protests. The borough is characterized by its continuous urban energy, its status as one of the most expensive U.S. counties, and its role as host to major multinational corporations, world-renowned institutions, and top tourist attractions like Times Square and Central Park. Its geographical layout is divided into three informal sections: Lower Manhattan, Midtown, and Upper Manhattan, with Fifth Avenue serving as a central division between its East and West Sides.