Metropolitan and Primatial Cathedral Basilica of St Tecla

The Metropolitan and Primatial Cathedral Basilica of St Tecla, commonly referred to as Tarragona Cathedral, is a significant Roman Catholic church located in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. Its historical importance is amplified by the fact that it occupies a site with a deep religious heritage, having previously served as a Roman temple during the time of Tiberius, a Visigothic cathedral, and a mosque under Moorish rule. The current structure is a testament to centuries of architectural evolution, primarily showcasing a transitional style that bridges the Romanesque and Gothic periods.

History and Construction

The foundation of the present cathedral dates back to 1154. Over the subsequent centuries, various phases of construction and renovation contributed to its final form. The cathedral was officially recognized for its historical value when it was declared a national monument in 1905.

Architecture and Design

Architecturally, Tarragona Cathedral presents a compelling blend of Romanesque and Gothic elements. It follows a basilica plan, featuring a prominent nave and two aisles, a transept with unequal arms, and three semicircular apses. The interior is characterized by a nave that rises to a height of 26 meters at the dome, with cross vaults supported by cruciform pilasters. The capitals of the columns are notably decorated with Moorish motifs, and the presbytery and apse retain a Romanesque pavement composed of geometrically patterned stone and marble.

Notable features include the octagonal tower-dome, constructed in the mid-13th century, and the choir stalls crafted from oak wood by Francisco Gomar in the 15th century. The cathedral is rich in chapels, each with its own historical and artistic significance, including the Chapel of the Virgin Mary, the Chapel of the Virgin of Montserrat, and the Baroque-style Chapel of the Conception.

Exterior and Cloister

The exterior of the cathedral showcases an unfinished main façade with three portals, reflecting both Gothic and Romanesque styles. A large rose window, measuring 11 meters in diameter, graces the western side, echoing designs found in other notable churches. The main gate, executed between 1277 and c. 1291, is adorned with ogival arches and figures of saints and prophets by Jaume Cascalls.

The cloister, which began construction around 1194, is a rectangular structure measuring 47 by 46 meters. It comprises four galleries divided by pilasters, with arcades organized into groups of smaller circular arches surmounted by rose windows and larger ogival arches. The capitals within the cloister are sculpted with religious scenes, and an Arab inscription from 960, belonging to the former mosque, is preserved on the eastern gallery wall. The cloister is accessed through a 13th-century Romanesque gate.

Bell Tower and Legacy

The Gothic bell tower, situated over the southern apse, reaches a height of 70 meters. Commissioned by bishop Roderic Tello, its upper section, dating from the 14th century, is enclosed in an octagonal form and topped by a small temple housing the bells.

Tarragona Cathedral remains an active place of worship and a significant historical monument, drawing visitors interested in its rich architectural heritage and religious importance. The tradition of the dancing egg is held annually in the cloister fountain since 1933.