Alban Roe

Alban Roe (1583–1642)

Alban Roe, born Bartholomew Roe, was an English Benedictine monk and Catholic priest who became a martyr for his faith in 17th-century England. He is venerated as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, recognized for his zealous ministry and unwavering commitment to Catholicism.

Life and Ministry

Born in Suffolk in 1583, Roe was initially raised Protestant. His conversion to Catholicism, along with his brother James, marked a significant turning point in his life, leading him to join the Benedictine order. His early monastic life was characterized by an unpredictable temperament, though he was also noted for his cheerfulness and tenacity. Roe's conversion was spurred by an encounter where he attempted to convert a Catholic prisoner but found himself persuaded by the prisoner's faith.

He entered the English College at Douai in 1607 to study for the priesthood. However, his strong temperament led to his expulsion in 1610 due to perceived contempt for discipline and superiors. Despite this, he later joined the English Benedictine Priory of St Laurence at Dieulouard in Lorraine in 1613 and was ordained in 1615. He also became a founder member of the English Benedictine Priory of St Edmund's in Paris.

Roe's priestly ministry in England was marked by frequent arrests and imprisonments. He worked in London, was arrested and deported, returned, and was imprisoned for several years. He spent a notable 17 years incarcerated in the Fleet prison. During his time in Fleet, the conditions were somewhat relaxed, allowing him to minister to others, often found in ale houses engaging in conversation and leading prayers with customers. He also received visitors, strengthening their resolve and making converts. Richard Challoner noted his efforts in translating and publishing religious tracts.

Trial and Martyrdom

In 1641, Roe was transferred to Newgate prison. In 1642, he was tried and found guilty of treason for being a priest under the Jesuits, etc. Act 1584. His trial was contentious, with Roe initially refusing to enter a plea and later objecting to the jury. Despite the judge's attempts at private conversation, Roe remained steadfast in his faith. He was found guilty by the jury and sentenced to death.

On January 21, 1642, Roe, along with fellow priest Thomas Reynolds, was drawn on hurdles to Tyburn for execution. At the place of execution, Roe preached with a jovial demeanor, questioning whether his faith, not any treason, was the reason for his death. His death made a deep impression, with attendees scrambling to collect his blood as relics. His final speech was reportedly sent to Parliament.

Canonization and Legacy

Alban Roe was declared venerable in December 1929 by Pope Pius XI and beatified shortly thereafter. He was canonized on October 25, 1970, by Pope Paul VI as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, with a common feast day of October 25th. His feast day is also celebrated on January 21st, the anniversary of his martyrdom. The communities of St. Laurence and St. Edmund later returned to England, settling at Ampleforth Abbey and Douai Abbey, respectively.