Haghartsin Monastery
Christian·Armenia·Active site with visitor facilities·10th century
Haghartsin Monastery is a medieval Armenian monastic complex located near Dilijan in the Tavush Province of Armenia, built between the 10th and 13th centuries. Originally founded in the 10th century, it was significantly renovated and expanded in the late 12th and 13th centuries by the Zakarid princes. The monastery is notable for its three churches, a gavit, a refectory, and a royal sepulchre, showcasing distinct architectural features of medieval Armenian design.
Key Facts
- ›Founded in the 10th century, though the exact date is unknown.
- ›Composed of three churches: St. Gregory's, St. Stephen's, and St. Astvatsatsin.
- ›Renovated and expanded by Zakarid princes Zakare and Ivane from 1184.
- ›Features a refectory built by architect Minas in 1248.
- ›Underwent major renovations in 2011 with a donation from the ruler of Sharjah.
- ›Incorporated into the Transcaucasian Trail long-distance hiking route in 2017.
Medieval Armenian
Three Churches, Gavit, Refectory, Royal Sepulchre, Khachkar By Poghos, 16-Faced Dome On St. Astvatsatsin Church
HałArcin
Zakare Zakarid, Ivane Zakarid, Khachatur of Taron, Minas, Poghos, Sultan Bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi
- Almost Entirely Destroyed By the Seljuks In the 11th Century.
- Renovated By Zakarid Princes From 1184.
- Significant Reconstruction and Expansion Credited To Abbot Khachatur of Taron.
- Major Renovation In 2011.
About Haghartsin Monastery
Haghartsin Monastery is a significant medieval Armenian monastic complex situated in a forested valley near the town of Dilijan, within the Tavush Province of Armenia. Its construction spans from the 10th to the 13th centuries, reflecting a rich history of development and artistic expression.
History and Development
The monastery is believed to have been founded in the 10th century, though precise records of its earliest days are scarce. It suffered destruction by the Seljuks in the 11th century, but experienced a renaissance under the patronage of the Zakarid princes, Zakare and Ivane, who initiated extensive renovations and additions from 1184 onwards. This period saw the construction of the Church of St. Gregory and a western-facing žamatun (gavit). The Zakarid brothers chose Haghartsin as their family burial ground, leaving dedicatory inscriptions that attest to their contributions.
The 13th century was a period of further architectural development. The historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi mentions the abbot Khachatur of Taron, a renowned musician, who was involved in the reconstruction and expansion of the monastery. The impressive Church of St. Astvatsatsin, the largest structure within the complex, was built in 1281, and its dome is a notable example of Armenian architectural ingenuity. The refectory, designed by architect Minas, was completed in 1248, featuring a design similar to that of Haghpat Monastery.
Architectural Significance
Haghartsin Monastery comprises three principal churches: the oldest is St. Gregory's Church, dating to the 10th century, known for its important school of church music. St. Stephen's Church is a smaller structure from 1244. The most dominant is St. Astvatsatsin Church, distinguished by its sixteen-faced dome and intricate sculptural decoration on its eastern facade, depicting two figures presenting a church model. The gavit attached to St. Gregory's Church is a 12th-century example with a square plan supported by four internal abutments, and it features ornamented sections with sculptures. A legend suggests a hollow column within this gavit was used to conceal monastery treasures during times of invasion.
A royal sepulchre, now partially ruined, is located adjacent to St. Gregory's Church. It is believed to be the burial site of kings from the Kiurikian and Bagratuni dynasties, though historical accounts differ on specific individuals. The refectory, built in 1248, is characterized by its pillar-divided interior and stone benches, designed to accommodate pilgrims.
Modern Status
In 2011, Haghartsin Monastery underwent a substantial renovation supported by a donation from Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, ruler of Sharjah. Today, the monastery is accessible via a paved road and is equipped with visitor amenities, including a parking area, gift shop, and bakery. It was further integrated into the Transcaucasian Trail long-distance hiking route in 2017, enhancing its accessibility for hikers and tourists.
Source: Wikipedia ↗
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the meaning of the name Haghartsin?
Popular etymology suggests the name Haghartsin derives from the Armenian words 'khaghats’' meaning 'moved around, played' and 'artsiv' meaning 'eagle'. The monastery is also named after a stream that flows nearby.
When was Haghartsin Monastery founded?
Haghartsin Monastery is believed to have been founded in the 10th century, though its precise founding date remains unknown. Significant construction and renovation occurred between the 10th and 13th centuries.
Which royal figures are believed to be buried at Haghartsin?
A royal sepulchre is located next to St. Gregory's Church. It is assumed that kings of the Kiurikian dynasty, a branch of the Bagratuni dynasty, are buried there. Historical accounts also suggest Bagratuni kings Smbat II and Gagik I might be interred, though this is debated.
What notable architectural features does Haghartsin Monastery have?
The monastery includes St. Astvatsatsin Church with a distinctive sixteen-faced dome, a 12th-century gavit with ornamented corner sections and sculptures, and a refectory built in 1248 divided by pillars. Legends suggest a hollow column in one gavit was used to hide monastery treasures.
What is the current status of Haghartsin Monastery?
Haghartsin Monastery is a well-preserved historical complex that underwent significant renovation in 2011. It is now accessible via a paved road and includes visitor facilities such as a gift shop and bakery. It is also part of a long-distance hiking route.
Related Monasteries
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Haghpat Monastery
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