Dutugamunu
Dutugamunu, also known as Dutthagamani Abhaya, was a significant king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom in Sri Lanka who reigned from 161 BC to 137 BC. He is celebrated for uniting the entire island by defeating the Tamil king Elara and is credited with expanding and beautifying Anuradhapura. His reign is marked by both historical accounts and legendary embellishments, making him a potent symbol of Sinhalese historical power.
Key Facts
- ›Reigned as King of Anuradhapura from 161 BC to 137 BC.
- ›United the island of Sri Lanka by defeating Tamil King Elara.
- ›Expanded and beautified the city of Anuradhapura.
- ›Credited with numerous religious construction projects, including stupas and monasteries.
- ›His life and reign are prominently documented in the Mahavamsa chronicle.
- ›Considered a powerful symbol of Sinhalese historical power.
Important Relationships
- Elara the Pious
- Kavantissa (father)
- Viharamahadevi (mother)
- Tissa (brother)
- Kandula (elephant)
- Ten Giant Warriors
Maricavatti Vihara, Lohapasada, Ruwanweliseya
Anuradhapura Kingdom, Ruhuna, Kalyani, Mahagama
Sinhala, Pali
About Dutugamunu
Dutugamunu, also known by his Pali name Duṭṭhagāmaṇī Abhaya, was a significant king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom in Sri Lanka, reigning from 161 BC to 137 BC. He is primarily remembered for his pivotal role in uniting the entire island under his rule by defeating the Tamil king Elara, who had occupied the capital. His reign is also marked by extensive construction of religious monuments and the beautification of Anuradhapura, solidifying his legacy as a powerful symbol of Sinhalese historical might and Buddhist patronage.
Life and Historical Context
Dutugamunu, originally named Gamani Abhaya, was the son of King Kavantissa of Ruhuna and Queen Viharamahadevi. His youth was characterized by a desire to confront Elara, a stance that put him at odds with his father, who advocated for strengthening the southern kingdom first. This defiance led to him being nicknamed 'Duttha Gamani,' meaning 'disobedient' or 'terror-inspiring.' After his father's death, Dutugamunu had to secure his throne against his own brother, Tissa, before he could launch his campaign to conquer the north. His military success was aided by legendary figures such as the Ten Giant Warriors and his war elephant, Kandula.
Unification of Sri Lanka and Conflict with Elara
The defining achievement of Dutugamunu's reign was the unification of Sri Lanka. He led his forces against Elara the Pious, the Tamil ruler from the Chola Kingdom who had established his dominion over Anuradhapura. The campaign involved numerous battles, including a notable siege of Vijitanagara. The climax was the confrontation at the eastern gate of Anuradhapura, where Dutugamunu, riding Kandula, slew Elara. While Elara was renowned for his just rule, Dutugamunu ensured his memory was honored, building a tomb and decreeing respect for travelers.
Reign and Construction Projects
Dutugamunu's reign was also a period of immense architectural and religious development. He commissioned several grand constructions that are still celebrated today. Among these are the Maricavatti Vihara (Mirisavetiya), the Lohapasada (Brazen Palace), and most notably, the Ruwanweliseya (Great Stupa). The Ruwanweliseya was built to house the begging bowl of the Buddha and stands as one of the largest stupas in Sri Lanka. Legends surrounding these constructions often highlight the king's piety and his spiritual connections, particularly with the deity Kataragama, who is said to have aided him in battle.
Legacy
Despite the centuries that have passed, Dutugamunu remains a significant figure in Sri Lankan history and identity. His story, preserved and embellished in chronicles like the Mahavamsa, is a central narrative in the country's historical consciousness. His unification of the island and his devotion to Buddhism have cemented his status as a heroic king, whose life and achievements continue to be recounted and studied.
Source: Wikipedia ↗
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Dutugamunu?
Dutugamunu, also known as Dutthagamani Abhaya, was a king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom in Sri Lanka who reigned from 161 BC to 137 BC. He is renowned for uniting the entire island of Sri Lanka by defeating the Tamil king Elara.
What is Dutugamunu most famous for?
Dutugamunu is most famous for uniting the whole island of Sri Lanka by defeating Elara the Pious, a Tamil king who had invaded the Anuradhapura kingdom. He is also credited with expanding and beautifying the city of Anuradhapura and projecting the power of his kingdom across the island.
What is the source of information about Dutugamunu's life?
The Mahavamsa, a Sinhalese chronicle, is the major source of information about Dutugamunu's reign, dedicating several chapters to his life and deeds. While steeped in myth and legend, many aspects of the accounts have been verified by contemporary inscriptions.
What were some of Dutugamunu's major construction projects?
Dutugemunu initiated significant construction projects, including the Maricavatti vihara (Mirisavetiya), the Lohapasada (Brazen Palace), and the Ruwanweliseya (Great Stupa), which was built to house the begging bowl of the Buddha. He also commissioned a stupa in Mundeshiwari, India.
How is Dutugamunu remembered regarding King Elara?
Dutugamunu's victory over Elara the Pious at Anuradhapura is a central event in his reign. Despite Elara being an invading ruler, Dutugemunu honored his memory by cremating him, building a tomb for his ashes, and decreeing that travelers pay respects at the site.
What was Dutugamunu's relationship with his son, Saliya?
Dutugemunu experienced estrangement from his son, Saliya (or Salirajakumara), who fell in love with a woman of the Chandala caste and refused to give her up, thereby rejecting the throne. While the Mahavamsa does not mention reconciliation, folk traditions suggest the couple was eventually restored to the king's favor.
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