Wat Chaloem Phra Kiat

Wat Chaloem Phra Kiat Worawihan: A Royal Temple of Unique Design

Wat Chaloem Phra Kiat Worawihan, often referred to simply as Wat Chaloem Phra Kiat, is a significant Thai Buddhist temple located in Nonthaburi Province, on the banks of the Chao Phraya River. Regarded as an ancient temple with a history spanning over 160 years, it holds the distinction of being a second-rank royal temple, a status shared with few other provincial temples.

Founding and Construction

The temple's origins date back to 1849 when it was commissioned by King Nangklao (Rama III). The purpose of its construction was to honor his mother, Queen Consort Sri Sulalai, and his grandparents, who had resided in the area. King Nangklao bestowed the name "Wat Chaloem Phra Kiat" even though the temple was not yet finished at the time of his passing. The initial construction was supervised by Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse (Tish Bunnag). Responsibility for completing the project was later transferred to Prayurawongse's son, Chaophraya Thiphakorawong (Kham Bunnag), during the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV). The temple's construction finally concluded in 1858.

Distinctive Architectural Features

Wat Chaloem Phra Kiat possesses several architectural characteristics that set it apart from other temples in Thailand. Notably, its border walls are fortified, an unusual feature that evokes the defensive structures of the Grand Palace. This design is a nod to the site's historical past, as it was once the location of the fort known as "Pom Thapthim"; these temple fortifications were later restored in 1992.

Furthermore, the temple's ordination hall is a striking example of a fusion between Thai and Chinese architectural styles, creating a majestic visual impact. Inside the ordination hall, the principal Buddha image enshrined is a Maravijaya-style statue named "Phra Buddha Maha Logapinantapatima." This statue was cast in the royal foundry, a process also used for the principal Buddha statue at Wat Ratchanatdaram in Bangkok.

On the southern side of the temple grounds lies the grand sanctuary, known as "Wihan Sila Khao." In 1858, King Mongkut ordered that another principal Buddha statue, "Phra Sila Khao," be placed here. Adjacent to this sanctuary is a chapel, also built in the Thai-Chinese art style, which houses the "Phra Buddha Patima Chaiwat," also called "Phra Chai Lang Chang." Dominating the rear of the chapel is a striking white pagoda of Lanka style, standing 45 meters tall and housing sacred Buddha relics.

Historical Context and Significance

The temple's connection to royalty is further emphasized by the monument of King Nangklao, which is situated along the Chao Phraya River behind the temple complex. As a second-rank royal temple, Wat Chaloem Phra Kiat is a site of historical and religious importance, reflecting the patronage of the Thai monarchy and showcasing a unique blend of cultural influences in its design and construction.