Khorzhak Monastery

Khorzhak Monastery, also known by the transliteration Korchak Monastery, is a significant Buddhist religious site situated in Khorzhak (Pinyin: Korqag) town, within Burang county, Ngari Prefecture, in the western region of Tibet. Its location is to the southeast of Burang and in close proximity to the Indian border. In Hindi, the town and temple are recognized as Kojanath. The monastery is nestled in a picturesque setting at a bend of the Karnali River, presenting a striking view of its large red wall adorned with a prominent inscription of the sacred six-syllable mantra, "Om Mani Padme Hum."

Historical Context and Legends

The name "Khorzhak" itself is derived from Tibetan terms signifying a 'venerable object and its surroundings' (khor) and 'is placed' (zhak), suggesting its sacred nature. Legends surrounding its origin are rich and varied. One prominent tale recounts that one of four standing images of Chenresig, or Avalokiteshvara, in the form of Padmapani, was brought to Tibet in the 7th century from Nepal by Akarmatishila, who discovered them within a split sandalwood tree trunk. While old photographs suggest this image was in the Pala style, it was unfortunately destroyed by Chinese forces, with only its lotus base surviving.

Another legend describes the temple's construction, where a silver image of Manjughosa is said to have spoken, expressing its wish to be situated over a fossil. It declared, "I have wandered (khor) to this place and here I shall settle (chags)!" Historical records indicate that the monastery was founded in 996 CE by King Khor-re and Prince Lha-de of Purang, with its original name being 'Khvachar Lhakang.'

Architectural and Religious Significance

Khorzhak Monastery was formerly recognized as one of the most important Kagyu monasteries in Western Tibet. The complex features inner and outer gates and a spacious courtyard. On significant days in September or early October, monks from surrounding areas gather to perform day-long masked dances, some of which predate the Chinese presence in Tibet from 1959. During these festivals, betrothed maidens also appear, adorned in their families' finest jewelry and traditional attire.

The monastery is situated approximately 15 kilometers downstream from Tsegu Gompa and the now-demolished Simbiling Monastery, both near Purang, the administrative headquarters of Ngari province. The Karnali River valley, known in Tibet as the Mapchchu Khambab, is also referred to as the 'Peacock Mouth River' or 'River Formed from the Mouth of a Peacock.'

Preservation and Current Status

Khorzhak Monastery experienced less severe damage during the Cultural Revolution, attributed to its affiliations with the Kagyupa sect and connections with Bhutan. The monastery has since been completely restored. However, the celebrated silver statue of Chenresig or Avalokiteshvara, which was modeled in the Pala style and likely dated to the 8th or 9th century CE, has disappeared. It is reported to have been dismantled and taken away in 1967.