William Melton

William Melton (died 5 April 1340)

William Melton was the 43rd Archbishop of York, holding the position from 1317 to 1340. He was also the first individual to serve as Lord Privy Seal, holding this office from 1307 to approximately 1312. Melton was a prominent figure in both ecclesiastical and secular spheres during a turbulent period in English history, particularly the reign of Edward II.

Life and historical context

Born in Melton, near Kingston upon Hull, William Melton was the son of Nicholas of Melton and had two brothers, Henry and John. He was a contemporary and associate of John Hotham, Chancellor of England and Bishop of Ely, with whom he was often linked in public matters. Melton held multiple ecclesiastical offices concurrently before his elevation to the see of York, including Archdeacon of Barnstaple and Provost of Beverley. He also served as Dean of St. Martin's-le-Grand and was promoted to Keeper of the Household Wardrobe.

His election as Archbishop of York followed the death of Archbishop Greenfield in December 1315, but consecration was delayed until September 1317, performed by Pope John XXII in Avignon. During his tenure, Melton had to address issues such as dealing with fugitive nuns at St Clement's by York.

Major contributions and conflicts

Melton played an active role in the affairs of Scotland, especially during periods of Scottish raids into Yorkshire between 1318 and 1322. These raids led to a dispute with the City of York regarding the maintenance of the Old Baile defences. In 1319, during the King's absence at the siege of Berwick, Melton gathered troops and led them against the Scots, resulting in the disastrous Battle of Myton, where the English forces were routed. The heavy loss of clergy in this battle led to the Scots referring to it as the "Chapter of Myton."

Melton had aided the Earl of Lancaster prior to the Battle of Boroughbridge in 1322, which led to some disfavour with Edward II. However, he regained the King's favour and was appointed Lord Treasurer of England from 1325 to 1326. He remained loyal to Edward II during his final days and was displeased by his imprisonment. Melton was involved in the marriage of the young King Edward III to Philippa of Hainault in January 1328 and later served again as Treasurer from 1330 to 1331.

Legacy

William Melton's architectural legacy includes the completion of the nave of York Minster, with his effigy adorning the great western portal. He is also noted for his contributions to St. Patrick's Church in Patrington and Beverley Minster. Upon his death on April 5, 1340, at Cawood Palace, he was buried in the north aisle of the nave at York Minster. Melton died a wealthy man, leaving behind a detailed record of his activities as Archbishop, published as "The Register of William Melton."