William Howley

William Howley (1766–1848) was a significant figure in the Church of England, holding the esteemed position of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1828 to 1848. Born in Ropley, Hampshire, he received his education at Winchester College and New College, Oxford. His early career was advanced through the influence of the Marquess of Abercorn, and he became Chaplain to him in 1792.

Life and Historical Context

Before ascending to the highest ecclesiastical office, Howley served as the Bishop of London from 1813 to 1828. His archiepiscopal tenure coincided with a period of considerable legislative change in Britain. He was Archbishop during the passage of the Sacramental Test Act 1828, the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, and the Great Reform Act 1832. The bench of bishops generally opposed these measures, and Howley, as their spokesman, faced public opposition, with his carriage even being attacked in Canterbury due to his heartfelt opposition to the Great Reform Act.

Religious Stance and Contributions

Howley was characterized as an "old-High Churchman," inheriting a tradition of high sacramental views from earlier divines. While holding Catholic beliefs, he was consistently anti-Roman. He played a role in royal affairs, presiding over the coronation of William IV and Queen Adelaide in 1831. He also famously informed Princess Victoria of her accession to the throne in 1837 and presided at her coronation the following year. Architecture was a notable interest; he initiated significant renovations and rebuilding projects for his residences, including Fulham Palace and Lambeth Palace, the latter being a virtual reconstruction by Edward Blore in the Gothic Revival style.

Family and Death

William Howley married Mary Frances Belli in 1805, and they had two sons and three daughters. Tragically, neither of his sons lived to adulthood. He died on February 11, 1848, one day before his 82nd birthday, and was interred at Addington following an elaborate funeral.