Robert Hay Drummond

Robert Hay Drummond (1711-1776)

Robert Hay Drummond was a prominent figure in the Church of England during the 18th century, notably serving as the Archbishop of York from 1761 until his death in 1776. His ecclesiastical career also included terms as Bishop of St Asaph and Bishop of Salisbury. He was born in London on 10 November 1711, the second son of George Hay, Viscount Dupplin, and Abigail Harley.

Education and Early Career

Educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, Drummond's talents and manners were noted from a young age. He undertook a Grand Tour and, after returning to Oxford, prepared for holy orders. His ascent in the church was aided by royal favour, particularly from Queen Caroline, who appointed him a royal chaplain at the age of 25. He assumed the name Drummond in 1739. He attended George II during the German campaign of 1743 and preached the thanksgiving sermon for the victory of Dettingen.

Episcopal Service and Archchbishopric

Drummond was consecrated Bishop of St Asaph in 1748, a diocese he remembered with affection. In 1761, he was translated to Salisbury, serving only a few months before being elected Archbishop of York. He was chosen to preach the sermon at the coronation of George III and Queen Charlotte in 1761, a testament to his reputation as a preacher. As Archbishop, he became Lord High Almoner to the young king and is credited with reforming abuses in the office.

Political and Personal Life

Drummond was a Whig and an adherent of the Duke of Newcastle, wielding considerable political influence and speaking effectively in the House of Lords. He defended his colleagues when charges were laid before the privy council, earning the remark from George II that he was "a man to make a friend of." Following the accession of George III and a shift in political policy, Drummond largely withdrew from parliamentary attendance, preferring to oversee his diocese and educate his children. He married Henrietta Auriol, with whom he had six sons and one daughter. His later years were marked by the deaths of his eldest daughter and his wife. He died at Bishopthorpe on 10 December 1776, and was buried with little ceremony as per his wishes.

Reputation and Legacy

Drummond was recognized as a sensible, practical man of business, opposed to Calvinism and strongly defending the "decent services and rational doctrines of the church of England." He was known for his noble manners, affable address, and generous hospitality. While some contemporary gossip noted his fondness for drink, his son recorded his presence as ensuring "elegance, festivity, and good humour." His architectural contributions to the archiepiscopal palace at Bishopthorpe and his patronage of English artists are also notable aspects of his legacy.